Transdisciplinary Research on Individuals
Transdisciplinary
Philosophy-of-Science (TPS) Paradigm
Publications
Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS Paradigm)
1. Foundations and Frameworks 2. Empirical Applications of the TPS Paradigm
| Assessments versus
observations: Multi-method contrasts Behavioural studies on individual-specificity ('personality') |
1. Foundations and Frameworks
Measurement and quantification across the sciences
|
Psychometrics and statistics in quantitative psychology: Data modelling, not genuine measurement Uher, J. (2025). Statistics is not measurement: The inbuilt semantics of psychometric scales and language-based models obscures crucial epistemic differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1534270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1534270 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J., Arnulf, J. K., Barrett, P. T., Heene, M., Heine, J.-H., Martin, J., Mazur, L. B., McGann, M., Mislevy, R. J., Speelmann, C., Toomela, A. & Weber, R. (2025). Psychology’s questionable research fundamentals (QRFs): Key problems in quantitative psychology and psychological measurement beyond questionable research practices (QRPs). Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1553028. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1553028 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J., Arnulf, J. K., & Hanfstingl, B. (2025). Critical debates on quantitative Psychology and measurement: Revived and novel perspectives on fundamental problems. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1661765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1661765 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2021a). Psychometrics is not measurement: Unraveling a fundamental misconception in quantitative psychology and the complex network of its underlying fallacies [Target article]. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 41, 58-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000176 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2021b). Quantitative psychology under scrutiny:
Measurement requires not result-dependent but traceable data
generation. Personality and Individual Differences, 170,
110205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110205 [Download]
[Summary] Rating scales and their Questionnable Research Fundamentals (QRFs) Uher, J. (2025). Statistics is not measurement: The inbuilt semantics of psychometric scales and language-based models obscures crucial epistemic differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1534270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1534270 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2023a). What’s wrong with rating scales? Psychology’s replication and confidence crisis cannot be solved without transparency in data generation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, e12740. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12740 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2022b). Rating scales institutionalise a network of logical errors and conceptual problems in research practices: A rigorous analysis showing ways to tackle psychology’s crises. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1009893. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009893 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2018b). Quantitative data from rating scales: An epistemological and methodological enquiry. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2599, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02599 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J., & Visalberghi, E. (2016). Observations versus assessments of personality: A five-method multi-species study reveals numerous biases in ratings and methodological limitations of standardised assessments. Journal of Research in Personality, 61, 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.02.003 [Download] [Supplemental Material] [Summary] Uher, J., Werner, C. S., & Gosselt, K. (2013). From observations
of individual behaviour to social representations of personality:
Developmental pathways, attribution biases, and limitations of
questionnaire methods. Journal of Research in Personality, 47,
647–667.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.03.006 [Download] [Summary] Data generation and genuine measurement across the sciences: Basic principles Uher, J. (2025). Statistics is not measurement: The inbuilt semantics of psychometric scales and language-based models obscures crucial epistemic differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1534270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1534270 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2022a). Functions of units, scales and quantitative data: Fundamental differences in numerical traceability between sciences. Quality & Quantity. International Journal of Methodology, 56, 2519-2548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01215-6 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2021a). Psychometrics is not measurement: Unraveling a fundamental misconception in quantitative psychology and the complex network of its underlying fallacies [Target article]. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 41, 58-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000176 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2021d). Problematic research practices in psychology: Misconceptions about data collection entail serious fallacies in data analyses. Theory & Psychology, 31, 411-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/09593543211014963 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2020b). Measurement in metrology, psychology and social sciences: Data generation traceability and numerical traceability as basic methodological principles applicable across sciences. Quality & Quantity. International Journal of Methodology, 54, 975-1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-00970-2 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2019). Data generation methods across the empirical sciences: Differences in the study phenomena's accessibility and the processes of data encoding. Quality & Quantity. International Journal of Methodology, 53, 221-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0744-3 [Springer Nature SharedIt initiative] [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2018b). Quantitative data from rating scales: An
epistemological and methodological enquiry. Frontiers in
Psychology, 9, 2599, 1-27.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02599 [Download] [Summary] |
Research on individuals
|
Exploring the psyche: Ontology, epistemology and methodology Uher, J. (2023b). What are constructs? Ontological nature, epistemological challenges, theoretical foundations and key sources of misunderstandings and confusions. Psychological Inquiry, 34, 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2023.2274384 [Download] [Summary] Hanfstingl, B., Uher, J., Edelsbrunner, P. A., Dettweiler, U. & Gnambs, T. (2023). Editorial: From "modern" to "postmodern" psychology: Is there a way past? Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1091721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1091721 [Download] Uher, J. (2021c). Psychology’s status as a science: Peculiarities and intrinsic challenges. Moving beyond its current deadlock towards conceptual integration. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 55, 212-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-020-09545-0 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2020a). Human uniqueness explored from the uniquely human perspective: Epistemological and methodological challenges. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 50, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12232 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2016b). Exploring the workings of the psyche:
Metatheoretical and methodological foundation. In J. Valsiner, G.
Marsico, N. Chaudhary, T. Sato, and V. Dazzani (Eds.). Psychology
as the science of human being: the Yokohama Manifesto. Annals of
Theoretical Psychology, Vol 13 (pp. 299-324). Cham, Springer
International.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21094-0_18
[paper request] [Summary] Behaviour, psyche, language and society Uher, J. (2016a). What is behaviour? And (when) is language behaviour? Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 46, 475-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12104 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015a). Conceiving "personality": Psychologist’s challenges and basic fundamentals of the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49, 398-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-014-9283-1 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015d). Agency enabled by the psyche: Explorations using the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals. In C. W. Gruber, M. G. Clark, S. H. Klempe & J. Valsiner (Eds.). Constraints of Agency: Explorations of theory in everyday life. Annals of Theoretical Psychology, Vol 12 (pp. 177-228). Cham, Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10130-9_13 [paper request] [Summary] Uher, J. (2013). Personality psychology: Lexical approaches,
assessment methods, and trait concepts reveal only half of the
story. Why it is time for a paradigm shift. Integrative
Psychological and Behavioral Science, 47, 1-55.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9230-6
[Download]
[Summary] |
Research on individual-specificity ('personality')
|
Basic definitions and concepts Uher, J. (2018c). The Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals: Foundations for the science of personality and individual differences. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds). The SAGE handbook of personality and individual differences. Vol. 1. The science of personality and individual differences. Part 1: Theoretical perspectives on personality and individual differences (Chapter 4, pp. 84-109). London, UK: Sage. [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2017). Basic definitions in personality psychology: Challenges for conceptual integrations. European Journal of Personality, 31, 572-573. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2128 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015a). Conceiving "personality": Psychologists’ challenges and basic fundamentals of the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49, 398-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-014-9283-1 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2014). Fundamental challenges of contemporary "personality" research. Physics of Life Reviews, 11, 695-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2014.10.005 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2013). Personality psychology: Lexical approaches,
assessment methods, and trait concepts reveal only half of the
story. Why it is time for a paradigm shift. Integrative
Psychological and Behavioral Science, 47, 1-55.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9230-6
[Download]
[Summary] Methodologies for developing taxonomies of individual differences Uher, J. (2018a). Taxonomic models of individual differences: A guide to transdisciplinary approaches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373 (1744). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017-0171 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J., Tofimova, I., Sulis, W., Netter, P., Pessoa, L., Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., Rusalov, V., Petersen, I. T., & Schmidt, L. A. (2018). Diversity in action: Exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373 (1744). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0172 [Download] [Summary] Trofimova, I., Robbins, T.W., Sulis, W., Uher, J. (2018). Taxonomies of psychological individual differences: Biological perspectives on millennia-long challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373 (1744). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017-0152 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015b). Developing "personality" taxonomies: Metatheoretical and methodological rationales underlying selection approaches, methods of data generation and reduction principles. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49, 531-589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-014-9280-4 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015c). Interpreting "personality" taxonomies: Why previous models cannot capture individual-specific experiencing, behaviour, functioning and development. Major taxonomic tasks still lay ahead. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49, 600-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-014-9281-3 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2013). Personality psychology: Lexical approaches, assessment methods, and trait concepts reveal only half of the story. Why it is time for a paradigm shift. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 47, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9230-6 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2008a). Comparative personality research: Methodological approaches [Target article]. European Journal of Personality, 22, 427-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.680 [paper request] [Summary] Uher, J. (2008b). Three methodological core
issues of comparative personality research. European Journal of
Personality, 22, 475-496.
https://doi.org/10.1002/per.688
[paper request]
[Summary] Comparative Methodologies: Individuals within and between situations, groups and species Uher, J. (2020a). Human uniqueness explored from the uniquely human perspective: Epistemological and methodological challenges. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 50, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12232 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2015e). Comparing individuals within and across situations, groups and species: Metatheoretical and methodological foundations demonstrated in primate behaviour. In D. Emmans & A. Laihinen (Eds.). Comparative neuropsychology and brain imaging (Vol. 2), Series Neuropsychology: An interdisciplinary approach. (chapter 14, pp. 223-284). Berlin: Lit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-643-90653-3 [Download] [GoogeBooks] Uher, J. (2011a). Individual behavioral phenotypes: An integrative meta-theoretical framework. Why 'behavioral syndromes' are not analogues of 'personality'. Developmental Psychobiology, 53, 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20544 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2011b). Personality in nonhuman primates: What can we learn from human personality psychology? In A. Weiss, J. King, & L. Murray (Eds.). Personality and temperament in nonhuman primates (pp. 41-76). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0176-6_3 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2008a). Comparative personality research: Methodological approaches [Target article]. European Journal of Personality, 22, 427-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.680 [paper request] [Summary] Uher, J. (2008b). Three methodological core
issues of comparative personality research. European Journal of
Personality, 22, 475-496.
https://doi.org/10.1002/per.688 [paper
request] [Summary] |
2. Empirical applications of the TPS Paradigm
Assessments versus observations: Multi-method contrasts
|
Uher, J., & Visalberghi, E. (2016). Observations versus assessments of personality: A five-method multi-species study reveals numerous biases in ratings and methodological limitations of standardised assessments. Journal of Research in Personality, 61, 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.02.003 [Download] [Supplemental Material] [Summary] Uher, J., Werner, C. S., & Gosselt, K. (2013). From observations of individual behaviour to social representations of personality: Developmental pathways, attribution biases, and limitations of questionnaire methods. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 647-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.03.006 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. (2011b). Personality in nonhuman primates: What can we learn from human personality psychology? In A. Weiss, J. King, & L. Murray (Eds.). Personality and temperament in nonhuman primates (pp. 41-76). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0176-6_3 [Download] [Summary] Uher, J. & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Personality assessment in the Great Apes: Comparing ecologically valid behavior measures, behavior ratings, and adjective ratings. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 821-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.10.004 [Download] [Summary] |
Behavioural studies on individual-specificity ('personality')
|
Uher, J. (2015e). Comparing individuals within and across situations, groups and species: Metatheoretical and methodological foundations demonstrated in primate behaviour. In D. Emmans & A. Laihinen (Eds.). Comparative neuropsychology and brain imaging (Vol. 2), Series Neuropsychology: An interdisciplinary approach. (chapter 14, pp. 223-284). Berlin: Lit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-643-90653-3 [Download] [GoogleBooks] Uher, J., Addessi, E., & Visalberghi, E. (2013). Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.013 [Download] [Supplemental material] [Summary] Uher, J., Asendorpf, J. B., & Call, J.
(2008). Personality in the behaviour of great apes: Temporal
stability, cross-situational consistency and coherence in response.
Animal Behaviour, 75, 99-112.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.018
[Download]
[Summary] |
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